#Port royale 4 french campaign series#
It had suffered a series of defeats during the war that left it blockaded in its own harbours and unable to put to sea without attack from British squadrons waiting off the coast. However, the maintenance and support of these bases was a significant task for the French Navy. The fortified harbours on the islands and coastal towns provided shelter for French warships and privateers that could strike against British trade routes at will, forcing the Royal Navy to divert extensive resources to protect their convoys. Once the news of the invasion had reached the island, the criollos of Santo Domingo revolted against French rule and were later assisted by the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom who were now Spain's new ally.īy 1808 French colonial territories in the Caribbean were a drain on both the French and British navies. New York: Peter Lang.Further information: Reconquista (Santo Domingo)īy this time Spain a former enemy of the British and ally of the French was now invaded by French forces which led to the Peninsula war. Posters, propaganda, and persuasion in election campaigns around the world and through history. Sanders (Eds.), Mediated politics in two cultures: Presidential campaigning in the United States and France (pp. French political advertising: A semiological analysis of campaign posters. Political communications in industrial societies. Reading images: The grammar of visual design. Journal of Political Marketing, 11(1–2), 29–53. Political advertising as political marketing: A retro-forward perspective. Sur les murs de France: 2 siècles d’affiches politiques. Terroriser, manipuler, convaincre!: Histoire mondiale de l’affiche politique. Constitutional council of the French Republic. Psychological Bulletin, 111(1), 3–22.įrench Constitution of 4 October 1958. Gender and the evaluation of leaders: A meta-analysis. Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. The importance of being present: Election posters as signals of electoral strength, evidence from France and Belgium. Political Communication, 27(1), 20–43.ĭumitrescu, D. Know me, love me, fear me: The anatomy of candidate poster designs in the 2007 French legislative elections. Accessed November 11, 2014.ĭumitrescu, D. !etd.send_file?accession=osu1251837832&disposition=inline. Spatial visual communications in election campaigns: Political posters strategies in two democracies. Légifrance, le service public de la diffusion du droit par l’internet. Consolidated version on 18 January 2015). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(6), 1030–1041.Ĭode électoral.
Nonverbal behavior, gender, and influence.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(1), 48–59.Ĭarli, L. Nonverbal affect responses to male and female leaders: Implications for leadership evaluations. British Journal of Social Psychology, 53(2), 217–234.īutler, D., & Geis, F. If you’re going to be a leader, at least act like it! Prejudice towards women who are tentative in leader roles. Paris: Éditions du May.īongiorno, R., Bain, P., & David, B. La politique à l’affiche: Affiches électorales & publicité politique, 1965–1986. Politiques, affichez-vous! Paris: Editions L’Harmattan.īenoît, J. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.Ītlan, B. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. The final section summarizes the main points and highlights some new research directions. The candidate gender can play a role in the content of posters, and this visual information may be particularly important for male candidates’ chances of victory. In a nutshell, the presence of posters in the streets is a credible signal of party and candidate campaign strength. It then discusses the evolution of poster content throughout the centuries and presents new evidence of contemporary poster campaigns using data from the 2007 electoral year. To better understand their role in the general campaign, the chapter reviews the current legal regulations. This chapter focuses on poster campaigns in the twenty-first century. France has a several centuries-long history of political posters, starting as early as the French Revolution, and for most of their history, posters have been one of the most popular and far reaching communication means.
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